2008-04-03T13:07:00 plant_trait_ontology Pankaj Jaiswal $Revision: 1.60 $ nodal tillering Response by the plant in terms of sensitivity to sufficiently prolonged water deficit/scarcity or scanty water content in the soil or growth medium, that can cause damage to the plant. GR:pj dessication related trait drought related trait a common sedge weed Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge), Cyperus difformis (Small flower umbrella sedge), Rice field bulrush Scirpus mucronatus, River bulrush Scirpus fluviatilis. Grows as a weed in the rice field. Can be distinguished from grass plant by the leaf shape, venation, stem cross-section and plant shape leaf shape. web:http //www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r682700999.html ISBN:9712200299 GR:pj sedge weed GR:pj Amount of polysaccharide present in the plant or plant part. polysaccharide content fat and essential oil composition related trait GR:pj The color of the phloem tissue. phloem color Causal agent: Nymphula depunctalis. Symptoms: Larvae feed on leaf tissue, leaving only the papery upper epidermis. IRRI:SES ICIS:1153 GR:pj paddy caseworm hama putih (indonesian) float worm CWRS CW caseworm resistance GR:pj GR:jcl Average sum of number of roots in a plant derived per experiment. root number tnr RTNB rpf RTPF root pulling force petal size GR:pj Size of the petal. leaf size Variation in sizes of leaf. GR:pj IRRI:SES ICIS:1051 GR:pj Is the average length of the seed or caryopsis fruit in a cereal (with hull). seed length TO:0000395 grain length SDLG GRLG starch grain size Assay to determine the size of the starcg grain size. GR:pj glassy endosperm dull endosperm GR:pj Glassy and tarnished endosperm, low amylose content embryo related trait flour color FLRCL grain moisture stigma exsertion of male sterile lines STIEX Scale, (%), Stigma exsertion; 1- Above 70, Well exserted; 3- 41-70, Moderately well exserted; 5- 21-40, Just exserted; 7- 11-20, Partly exserted; 9- 0-10, Enclosed. Evaluated at growth stage:6 and 7 in rice stigma exsertion Trait is monitored by counting number of flowers or florets that have completed anthesis on a given day and showing exserted stigma. Trait expressed as percent stigma exsertion. IRRI:SES GR:pj culm strength stem strength CULMSTR IRRI:Rice SES (1996) ICIS:1014 GR:pj The test gives indication of culm stiffness and resilience Cs STEMSTR rice bug resistance Causal agent: Leptocorisa oratorius. monitored at growth stage 7-9, resistance is a measure of damaged grains per panicle IRRI:SES ICIS:1159 GR:pj RB BUGRS growth hormone content GR:pj Measures the growth hormone content in a plant or plant part. green plantlet differentiation frequency GRNPTLDFQ leaf arrangement phyllotaxy GR:pj Arrangement of the leaves on the shoot of a plant. Seminal root is the primary root originating in a plant after germination. seminal root length GR:pj37 Length of the seminal root. GR:pj Causal agent: rice grassy stunt virus 1 (RGSV1). Symptoms: RGSV1 causes severe stunting, excessive tillering, pale green to yellow and narrow leaves with small rusty spots. rice grassy stunt virus-1 resistance RGSV1RS RGSV1 ADF ACIDDETFIBR acid detergent fiber The percentage of highly indigestible or slowly digestible fiber in a feed or forage. Acid detergent fiber contains cellulose as well as silica and lignin which are associated with low digestibility. web:http://www.foragetesting.org/lab_procedure/sectionB/4/part4.1.htm GrainGenes_trait:Acid detergent fiber GR:pj The method typically uses acidified quaternary detergent solution to dissolve cell solubles, hemicellulose and soluble minerals leaving a residue of cellulose, lignin, and heat damaged protein and a portion of cell wall protein and minerals (ash). Acid detergent fiber is determined gravimetrically as the residue remaining after extraction. The lower the acid detergent fiber, the more digestible the feed is and the higher the energy value of the feed. rubisco to soluble protein ratio GR:pj A ratio of the amount of rubisco protein to that of the soluble protein content in a plant or plant part. RUBISCOSPROTRO anther culture response ANTCAB anther culturability GR:pj Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the inflorescence and its parts. inflorescence development trait It is a numerical measure of the maximum rate of passage of either water vapour or carbon dioxide through the stomata GR:pj stomatal conductance STOCOND shoot development trait Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the shoot and its parts. GR:pj FLCL floret color The color of the floret. GR:pj variegated leaf leaf stripes albino leaf striping grain size Size of the dehulled, milled grain without pericarp. GR:pj GRSZ RHBV HBVRS IRRI:SES GR:pj Causal agent: rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV). Symptoms: cream colored to yellow spots, elongating and coalescing to form longitudinal yellowish green to pale green striations. Streaks may coalesce to cover the whole leaf. Brown and sterile glumes with typical "parrot beak" shape of deformation. rice hoja blanca disease resistance LFNICN GR:pj Amount of nitrogen present in the leaf tissue in the form of minerals and metabolites. leaf nitrogen content rhizome branching number per plant RHZBRNB GR:pj Number of branches on a rhizhomatic stem. rhizome branching number relative root dry weight RELRTDWT The relative (dry)weight of the root determined after a given treatment as compared to the one determined under normal conditions. GR:pj grass weed a common grass weed Echinochloa glabbrescens or Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass), Typha spp. (Cattails), Leptochloa fascicularis (Bearded sprangletop) grows as a weed in the rice field. Can be distinguished from rice plant by the leaf shape, venation, stem cross-section and plant shape leaf shape. www:http //www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r682700999.html ISBN:9712200299 GR:pj hybrid evaluation parental line evaluation DHULGRWT dehulled grain weight GRWT Weight of the dehulled grains. GR:pj grain weight Traits associated with observing effects on the megasporocyte development. GR:pj megasporocyte development trait Average maximum length of the lateral root of a plant in a study. GR:pj lateral root length fruit crispness CRISP GR:pj An assay of firmness and freshness of the fruit. leaflet number An assay to detrmine the variation the number of leaves. GR:pj perianth anatomy and morphology trait GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the perianth and its parts. perianth related trait cracked dehulled-grain percentage percent broken crushed grain percentage crushed dehulled-grain percentage percentage brokens cracked grain percentage CRUSHGRPCENT CRUSHDHULGRPCENT The percentage of cracked dehulled grain with at least one fourth of the size still intact. GR:pj IRRI:SES GR:pj Causal agent: Gibberella fujikuroi. Symptoms: the plant elongates abnormally, has few tillers and usually dies before producing grains. Bak BKRS bakanae disease resistance Actual measurements, in centimeters of the widest portion of the leaf sheath in a grass plant. GR:pj leaf sheath width endoamylase taka-amylase A alpha-amylase activity ALPHAAMYASEACT GO:0004556 EC:3.2.1.1 Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-a-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more 1,4-a-linked D-glucose units. Amy alpha amylase glycogenase percent seed fertility SDFRT seed fertility basal tiller height basal tiller length GR:pj The height of the tallest basal tiller (basal axillary shoot) of a plant. GR:pj The resistance exhibited by a plant or a group of plants (population) in response to the disease caused by a fungal pathogen infection as compared to the susceptible and/or the reference plants of the same species. fungal disease resistance It represents the damage done by the diease and/or the pathogen to the plant. The damage is a direct measure of resistance to the particular fungal strain causing the disease. GR:pj An assay to determine if the starch grains are formed in the plant or plant part. Often associated with the starch biosynthesis and branching of the starch. starch grain synthesis GR:pj Density of the spikelets in the inflorescence or on the given inflorescence branch order. spikelet density SPKDN glutamine synthetase content glutamylhydroxamic synthetase glutamate-ammonia ligase L-glutamine synthetase GS1CN GS1 Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + ammonia = ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine. GO:0004356 EC:6.3.1.2 genetically engineered male sterility IRRI:SES GR:pj The sterility induced by transgenes expressing cytotoxic component absence of seminal roots seminal rootless Absence of seminal roots in the plant GR:pj SBUGRS Causal agent: Oebalus pugnax GR:pj stink bug resistance DHULGRSURFAR kernel surface area GRSURFAR grain surface area TO:0002740 dehulled-grain surface area GR:pj The average surface area of the grain without hull (dehulled) in a grass fruit caryopsis. hulled-grain surface area flower number The number of flowers. GR:pj BRKVIS breakdown viscosity shoot fresh weight Fresh weight of the shoot without inflorescence. GR:pj37 total shoot fresh weight SHFWT GR:pj Amount of fructose present in the plant or plant part. fructose content percent root mass density 30-45 Calculated as percent of root mass density in this section over the total root mass density. Both scored at the 30-45cm depth. GR:pj GR:jcl prmd 30-45 Measurement of the length of the coleoptile in the germinating seed. GR:pj coleoptile length nematode damage resistance An assay to determine the resistance exhibited by a plant or a group of plants (population) in response to nematode infestation as compared to the susceptible and/or the reference plants of the same species. GR:pj NDRS floral bract development trait GR:pj Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the floral bracts. GR:pj Absence of crown roots in the plant crown rootless CWRTMIN Extent of pubescence (presence of hairs) on the leaf blade margin. GR:pj leaf blade margin pubescence LFLMPUBES leaf lamina margin pubescence cell length GR:pj An assay to determine the variation in the length of the plant cell due to cell growth and elongation. cell elongation trait CELMBSTB Stability of the cell membrane under the impact of temperature (heat) and water deficit stress. web:http://www.plantstress.com/methods/CMS_method.htm GR:pj The trait is often observed in plants as a measure of drought and heat tolerance by determining the amount of solutes/electrolyte leaked from the cell. cell membrane stability gibberellic acid sensitivity Sensitivity to the gibberellic acid content in the growth medium or on external application. GR:pj gibberellic acid response Gibberellin response GB response GASN GA3 response Number of stamens present in the flower. GR:pj STANB stamen number The total sodium ion content measured in a plant or a plant part. GR:pj sodium content 3rd leaf height 3LFHT GR:pj Height of the 3rd leaf measured as described in various studies. third leaf height RGTM Measure of time taken by the reproductive growth phase in a plant's life cycle. GR:pj reproductive growth time rubisco to chlorophyll ratio GR:pj A ratio of the amount of rubisco protein to that of the chlorophyll content in a plant or plant part. RUBISCOCHLRO spikelet width Width of the spikelets present in a grass inflorescence. GR:pj SPKWD Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GO:GO:0003824 enzyme activity enzyme catalytic activity enzymatic activity LIGMIN liguleless GR:pj Absence of ligule. MCTLG GR:pj The length of the mesocotyl. mesocotyl length GR:pj Amount of phosphorus in the leaf. Often measured in per unit dry weight. leaf phosphorus content LFPHOCN GrainGenes_trait:Water absorption GR:pj A measure of the relative water absorption after soaking a known amount (weight) of seed. water absorption by seed WABSORPSD ANTHCN ISBN:198506732 The anthocyanin content in a plant or plant part. Anthocyanin is the red to purple pigments composed of soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins, present in leaves and floral tissue. Usually the pigment is produced under stress conditions. Amounts of anthocyanin produced depend on stored sugar and sunlight. The more stored sugar in the leaf and brighter the autumn days, the more intense red. Anthocyanin production also increases as phosphates move out of the leaves; the lack of phosphates in young leaves can also lead to the production of anthocyanin. anthocyanin content fruit surface area Average whole fruit surface area. GR:pj FRUTSURFAR It affects the water absorption, dough handling characteristics and loaf volume while cooking. Size of flour particles determined after grinding the grains. The size depends on the length and type of grinding. GrainGenes_trait:Particle size GR:pj FLRPARTSZ flour particle size Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the auricle. GR:pj auricle morphology and anatomy trait milled rice ratio MR RiceCAP:http://www.uark.edu/ua/ricecap/ricecapgloss.htm Rice kernels that have been milled to remove the bran, leaving "white" or milled rice. milled rice GR:pj Opaque and hard endosperm with low or no amylose content If the endosperm has high amount of amylose it is called as non-glutinous endosperm glutinous endosperm waxy endosperm opaque endosperm Actual count of the total number of tillers after full heading, Specify if per plant, hill or area IRRI:SES culm number CmN PNAXISTEX INFLOAXISTEX Texture of the inflorescence axis. GR:pj inflorescence axis texture panicle axis texture RTTH root thickness The average thickness of roots. GR:pj GR:jcl pre-flowering floret abortion frequency of pre-flowering floret abortion PREFLFLRABR pre-flowering flower abortion Causal agent: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tips or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). young lesions are pale to grayish green, later turning yellow to grey (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath. IRRI:SES ICIS:1101 GR:pj bacterial blight disease resistance leaf blight BBRS BB Young leaves should not be inoculated for assay. Old or leaves with symptoms of nutrient deficiency or other diseases should also be avoided for inoculation sterility related trait STARCHYLD GR:pj An assay to detrmine the starch yield from a bigger sample such as from a given population or from a plot or field. It is often carried out initially with the smaller sample but later converted to associate with a large sample for example record starch yeild in kilograms per hectare. starch yield GERMRO germination ratio Ratio of germinated to non-germinated seeds. GR:pj transluscent kernel collapsed kernel Shrunken and opaque to translucent endosperm. Rich in sugars. GR:pj shrunken endosperm GR:pj An assay to determine the variation in the size of the given plant cell type. plant cell size ligule length The actual measurement of ligules measured in millimeters from the base of the leaf collar to the ligule tip. IRRI:SES LgL LIGLG Color of the inflorescence. GR:pj inflorescence color fascicled ear GR:pj In maize ears, the floral meristems undergo repeated dichotomous branching, resulting in fascicled (highly branched and bundled or clustered) ears. petal color Color of the petal. GR:pj GR:pj37 The trait is an indirect measure of the balance between water absorption and transpiration. deep root dry weight to tiller number ratio RTDWTTINBRO root dry weight to tiller number ratio relative shoot dry weight RELSHDWT fluorine sensitivity setback viscosity GR:pj37 Determined by deducting the peak viscosity from the cool paste viscosity. setback SETBKVIS SETBK INVRAB invitro regeneration ability GR:pj Measured as number of calli capable of differentiating into roots and(or) shoots under invitro tissue culture condition. TO:0000263 inflorescence branching GR:pj The extent of branching usually sets the tone for shape and compactness of the inflorescence. panicle branching polished rice protein content GR:pj Total protein content of the polished rice. POLRPROTCN primary macronutrient sensitivity GR:pj GR:jcl Leaf relative water content is determined at midday (12.00 noon), rec leaf relative water content RELWCN relative water content KCONC GR:pj The total potassium ion concentration measured in a plant or a plant part or plant extract. potassium concentration lemma and palea related trait lemma and palea anatomy and morphology trait GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the lemma and palea and their parts. enzymatic activity and protein content related trait GR:pj The trait associated with an assay to determine the effected enzymatic activity. primary branching of inflorescence The extent of primary branching usually sets the tone for shape and compactness of the inflorescence (rice panicle) GR:pj primary branching of panicle PBR gibberellin content GACN GA content GR:pj Measures the gibberellic acid content in a plant or plant part. gibberellic acid content CAUAXIBRNB cauline axillary branch number Causal agent: Hydrellia philippina. Symptoms: Leaf margin feeding causes conspicuous damage and sometimes stunting of plants. IRRI:SES ICIS:1162 GR:pj RWMRS RWM rice whorl maggot resistance etched endosperm It is a ratio of the plant height determined from a stressed plant to that grown in normal environment. GR:pj relative plant height May be measured in a dry mass or in a fresh tissue. The total mineral and/or ion content measured in a plant or a plant part. GR:pj mineral and ion content related trait potassium chlorate resistance GR:pj resistance to the KClO3 salt content in the growth medium. KClO3 resistance KCLO3RS P71CN Catalysis of the reaction: donor + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized donor + 2 H2O. GO:0004601 EC:1.11.1.7 perodidase-71 content GR:pj Length of the apiculus hair. APIHLG APIHRLG apiculus hair length An assay to determine the variation in the length of the fruit. GR:pj fruit length Based on the definition the term name was changed to milled grain color instead of grain color. For color of the dehulled grain please see pericarp color (TO:0000707). milled grain color GR:pj Color of the dehulled, milled grain, which does not have pericarp. GRCL MGRCL phosphorus uptake PHOUP GR:pj The total phosphorus ion uptake measured in a plant or a plant part. Extent of pubescence (presence of hairs) on the leaf surface. GR:pj leaf pubescence boron deficiency BOSN Sensitivity to the boron content in the growth medium. It plays an important role in cell division GR:pj boron sensitivity Traits associated with observing effects on the sporocyte development. GR:pj sporocyte development trait fruit columella color elongation of plant height SHELRATE shoot elongation rate Measures the chlorophyll-b (Chl-b) content in a green tissue. It is a type of chlorophyll present as green pigment in plants. GR:pj chlorophyll-b content IRRI:SES GR:pj no pollen development, An example is rice TGMS line Norin PL12 pollen free This is an assay of any direct or indirect, harmful or beneficial effect of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds (allelochemicals) that escape in the environment. GR:pj allelopathic effect ALLELPATHEF BRSN Brassinosteroids (BR) are a group of steroidal plant hormones. GR:pj Response with respect to application of Brassinosteroid. brassinosteroid sensitivity dr/s deep root/shoot ratio deep root ratio DRTSHRO deep root length to shoot length ratio GR:pj The ratio of deep root root length (for the roots found 30cm below the soil surface) and the shoot length determined in a study. deep root to shoot ratio shoot branching leaf-folder resistance LFFRS LF IRRI:SES ICIS:1157 GR:pj Causal agent: Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis. Symptoms: larvae consume the leaf tissue except the epidermis, causing typical white streaks. They create a leaf tube during later stages of feeding. Plant is susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10-test entries. Replicate the test three times, if seed is available. Determined by percentage of damaged and folded leaves. LFCL leaf color Changes observed in the color of leaf. GR:pj Does not include traits on fruit, fruit parts and adventitious roots whcih are borne on the shoot. Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the shoot and its parts. GR:pj shoot anatomy and morphology trait yield trait YLD Traits that contribute directly or indirectly to the yield or the produce from a plant. IT may be determined in terms of weight or the number of grains/seed. GR:pj large vascular bundle number to leaf area ratio A ratio of the large sized vascular bundles to the leaf surface area. GR:pj LVBNBLFARRO ShR SHROTRS sheath rot disease resistance IRRI:SES ICIS:1114 GR:pj Causal agent: Sarocladium oryzae. Symptoms: oblong or irregular brown to grey lesions on the leaf sheath near panicle; sometimes coalescing to prevent emergence of panicle. shoot habit Estimated by the angle of inclination of the main shoot/stem against the soil/growth medium surface. GR:pj stem habit growth habit culm habit STEMHAB CULMHAB GR:pj Weight of the 100-dehulled grain having pericarp (seed coat) HDHULGRWT hundred grain weight hundred dehulled-grain weight HDGRWT 100-dehulled grain weight spike width SPIKEWD Sensitivity to the cytokinin content in the growth medium or external application. GR:pj cytokinin sensitivity CKSN It is directly related to the filled grain number (TO:0000447) and grain number (TO:0002759). seed number SDNB seeds per panicle TO:0000139 Number of seeds in the fruit or those sampled from a given inflorescence in a grass plant. GR:pj Traits associated with observing effects on the growth and development of the plant cell and its parts. GR:pj cell growth and development trait Pearl millet downy mildew resistance Causal agent: Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. It causes the downy mildew disease in Pearl millet. GR:pj Pg_DNMDRS LIGPUBES ligule pubescence Extent of pubescence (presence of hairs) on the ligule. GR:pj alkali soil sensitivity alkali sensitivity AlkS Observed by general growth conditions in relation to standard resistant and susceptible checks. Since some soil problems are very heterogeneous in the field, several replications may be needed to obtain precise reading. Leaf is counted as discolored or dead if more than half of its area is discolored or dead. IRRI:SES ICIS:1202 cercospora leaf spot resistance Causal agent: Cercospora spp. GR:pj synchronous seed maturation nonsynchronous seed maturation asynchronous seed maturation SDMT GR:pj This trait can be derived based on the parameters like, degree of grain filling, grain hardness, hull color, grain moisture, etc. It can be determined for (a)synchronously with any of these parameters. seed maturation vegetative vigor Represents the growth of plant. Used to evaluate genetic material under stress and non-stress conditions, several factors may interact, influencing the seedling vigor (e.g. tillering ability, plant height, etc), GR:pj vegetative growth vigor Vg VGVIG rhizome formation RHZFORM pericarp texture macronutrient deficiency Sensitivity response shown by the plant grown in either the excess or deficient amount of the macronutrient in the growth medium GR:pj macronutrient sensitivity rdw rdw/t RTDWT GR:pj GR:jcl The average dry weight of the root determined in a study. total root dry weight root dry weight per tiller root dry weight Number of given type of bracts in a inflorescence. GR:pj inflorescence bract number LFWT GR:pj Measure of the leaf weight. leaf weight brittle node node shattering seed phosphorus content SDPHOCN GR:pj Amount of phosphorus in the seed. watery lesion percentage percentage of watery lesion WLPCENT ethylene sensitivity ethylene response ETHSN GR:pj Sensitivity to ethylene (C2H2) content in the growth medium or the environment. sepal number Number of the sepals in a flower. GR:pj grain core area white GR:pj Measurement of the whitish area found in the dehulled grain. GRCARWHT Pyruvate, phosphate phosphotransferase Pyruvate phosphate dikinase PPDK GO:GO:0050242 EC:2.7.9.1 GR:pj Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate + phosphate = AMP + phosphoenolpyruvate + diphosphate pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase activity Shape of the panicle inflorescence GR:pj panicle shape The color of the xylem tissue. GR:pj xylem color plant dry weight total dry mass dry mass RTWT PTDWT DMASS The dry weight of the whole plant. GR:pj37 GR:pj Sensitivity to the magnesium content in the growth medium. It is important for chlorophyll biosynthesis and metal ion homeostasis. magnesium sensitivity magnesium deficiency MGSN Length of the grain monitored after dehulling but before polishing. The grain should contain pericarp. IRRI:SES ICIS:1259 brown rice length Len BRWLG lignin monomer content pungency GR:pj The quality of producing a sharp sensation of taste or smell. Light quality is defined by the wavelength of the light type. Response shown by the plant in the presence of a light quality stress. GR:pj light quality sensitivity response to light quality shoot weight total shoot weight SHWT Weight of the shoot without inflorescence. GR:pj37 IRRI:SES ICIS:1068 Number of tillers per plant, should represent most plants within a study. TINB tiller number Actual measurements, in centimeters of the widest portion of the leaf lamina. GR:pj leaf blade width leaf lamina width LFLWD grassy flavor An assay to test for aroma and flavor reminiscent of freshly cut grass. GR:pj grassy flavour GRASSYFLVOR embryo shape root epidermis cell length RTEPCELLG GR:pj37 Length of the root epidermal cell length. The extent of tertiary branching usually determines the shape and compactness of the inflorescence (such as in rice panicle). GR:pj tertiary branching of inflorescence H2O2CN H2O2 content GR:pj An assay to determine the content of hydrogen peroxide or the peroxide reactive ions. hydrogen peroxide content An assay to determine the sensory impression of a fruit by the chemical senses of taste and smell. GR:pj fruit flavor trait bran color SDCCL SCC IRRI:SES GR:pj The color of the seed coat seed coat color Average maximum length of the root of a plant in a study. GR:pj GR:jcl root length maximum root length maximum root depth RTLG MRL MRD hoppers Amount of glucosamine present in the plant or plant part. ISBN:198506732 GR:pj glucosamine content It is one of the most abundant natural polysaccharide. GLUCNCN 2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose content nitrogen recycling It is a measure of reduced net ammonium production in response to the receipt of photosynthate GR:pj NIRCYC nitrogen conservation Ofetn influenced by the environemnt that includes, day light, temperature and geographic location. Traits associated with the timing of the flowering (anthesis). GR:pj anthesis time of flowering flowering time PMTABR aborted at pollen maturity stage Abortion at later stage of microspore development, the pollen looks like fertile pollen. IRRI:SES GR:pj GO:GO:0016157 Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose = UDP + sucrose. sucrose synthase activity SUSACT EARHT The height of the maize ear in a plant measured from ground to the attachment point. GR:pj ear height Expressed as a percent, is a measure of the dry matter content of forage or feed that is retained in the animal body. GrainGenes_trait:Dry matter digestibility GR:iyt GR:pj DMATTDIGAB dry matter digestibility weedicide tolerance herbicide tolerance herbicide sensitivity EO:EO:0007183 An assay to determine the tolerance exhibited by a plant or a group of plants (population) towards the applied herbicide. GR:pj It is expected that the herbicide application must not affect the agronomic yield, if any. GR:pj In grasses the flag leaf angle is measured near the collar as the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main inflorescence axis in grass plants. Observed at maturity stage. flag leaf angle: late stage flag leaf attitude: late stage FLFAGLATE Shape of the lodicule GR:pj lodicule shape Hull is the dry outer covering of a grass fruit/grain. The hull is comprised of dry lemma and palea, the two parts of a grass floret. HULCL Describes the color of hull. GR:pj hull color GR:pj Determined by counting the percent spikelets filled with grain in one grass inflorescence (panicle) or plant. Filled grain percent per panicle FGRPCENT filled grain percentage Pfr light sensitivity FRLTSN far red light sensitivity Sensitivity to the far red light content in the growth environment. GR:pj The color of the seed. GR:pj SDCL seed color GR:pj Average weights of full grain with the hull (seeds) obtained from a grass plant, representing the overall yield or produce from the field. seed weight (sensu Poaceae) kernel weight grain weight SDWT GRWT TO:0000509 tissue development trait Traits associated with observing effects on the development of a given tissue type. GR:pj phosphorus deficiency PHOSN PDef phosphorus sensitivity Sensitivity to the phosphorous content in the growth medium. It is important in various biochemical pathways and storage of energy. IRRI:SES ICIS:1213 (9,12,15)-linolenic acid content alpha-linolenic acid content According to the Codex Alimentarium, the FAO international standards for food product specifications, the normal values may differ depending on the source plant. e.g. for soybean oil the normal values for alpha-linolenic acid content are 4.5% - 11%. 9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-octadecatrienoic acid content (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid content CHEBI:27432 cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid content 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid content (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid content CAS:463-40-1 The alpha-linolenic acid content in the essential oils present in or extracted from a plant or the plant part such as seed. GR:pj all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid content callus induction CAIND SALTTL GR:pj Tolerance to the high salt content in the growth medium. salt tolerance PMID:17303594 GR:pj An assay to determine the variation in the root meristem development. root meristem development The variation may be due to both the genotypic and/or environmental effects. cooked kernel elongation CKKEL cooked grain elongation SPKNB spikelet number per panicle number of spikelets per panicle spikelet number Average number of spikelets in one or more inflorescence (e.g. rice panicle) found in a plant or on all plants of a study. GR:pj LFYTL Cold-induced yellowing tolerance Tolerance for leaf color yellowing observed in response to stresses like drought, water and temperature. It may precedes leaf drying stage. GR:pj leaf yellowing tolerance spikelet anatomy and morphology trait GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the spikelet and its parts. PTHT Ht shoot height plant height IRRI:SES ICIS:1006 Actual measurement of plant height from soil surface to the highest point in plant as identified in the study. GR:pj Number of pistils in the gynoecium. pistil number ISBN:0198506732 GR:pj An epigenetic trait is a distinguishable feature or a characteristic or a quality of character or a phenotypic feature of a developing or developed individual but have arisen as a result of mechanisms regulating the expression of the genes rather than differences in the gene sequence. epigenetic trait LFDRY leaf drying GR:pj ratio of length to width of the seed or fruit caryopsis with hull. grain length to width ratio SDLGWDRO GRLGWDRO seed length to width ratio Number of small sized vascular bundles present in a plant part. GR:pj small vascular bundle number SVBNB inflorescence shape Shape of the inflorescence GR:pj Sen LFSNS Foilar senescence leaf senescence IRRI:SES ICIS:1015 A measure of aging of leaf. Rapid senescence of leaves can be detrimental to yield. IRRI:SES ICIS:1115 GR:pj Causal agent: Magnaporthe salvinii (Nakataea sigmoidea, Sclerotium oryzae), and Helminthosporium sigmoideum var. irregulare. Symptoms: dark lesions develop on the stems near the water line. Small, dark bodies (sclerotia) develop, weaken the stem and cause lodging. SR CULMROTRS stem rot disease resistance CBCN Amount of carbon present in the dry mass. GR:pj carbon content sporophytic incompatibility STOCSRTM stomatal closure time Average time taken for closure of stomata due to stress or coupled to the rate of photosynthesis and/or transpiration. GR:pj microsporocyte development trait Traits associated with observing effects on the microsporocyte development. GR:pj vivipary GR:pj A phenomenon associated to the seeds that germinate before becoming detached or harvested from the parent plant. Thus the germination occurs before the seed undergoes dormancy. preharvest germination At 50 days after sowing (DAS), the dry weight of roots penetrated through the wax-petrolatum layer is measured. GR:pj GR:jcl PRDW PENRTDWT penetrated root dry weight ANTNB anther number Variation in the number of anthers in androecium. GR:pj internode length GR:pj Measurement of length of the internode. INLG brittle culm GR:pj A measure of brittleness of the stem of a grass plant. silk color color of style color of silk STYCL style color GR:pj Style color is determined from blooming flowers or florets. Trait of a plant in which the action of the cytotoxic gene used to introduce male sterility is suppressed by the application of a chemical to the plant. Reversion of the sterility allows the RMS parent to be self-fertilized, a step that overcomes the need to remove fertile sib plants prior to making the hybrid cross PMID:10645437 reversible male sterility RMS Amount of sugar present in the plant or the plant part. GR:pj sugar content SUGARCN soil pH stress Defines the pH of the growth media (soil/culture media), whether it is acidic or alkaline. GR:pj growth media pH sensitivity IRRI:SES GR:pj Determines the extent of male sterility of a male sterile line. Can be determined by either pollen sterility or spikelet fertility male sterility measure degree of male sterility of male sterile lines male sterility extent EARDIA ear diameter GR:pj37 Diameter measurement of a corn ear. stamen length GR:pj Length of the stamen. bacterial disease resistance It represents the damage done by the diease and/or the pathogen to the plant. The damage is a direct measure of resistance to the particular bacterial strain causing the disease. GR:pj The resistance exhibited by a plant or a group of plants (population) in response to the disease caused by a bacterial pathogen infection as compared to the susceptible and/or the reference plants of the same species. Length of the sepal. GR:pj sepal length plant genetic trait unknown Average maximum length of the root of a plant in a study that have penetrated to a predetermined soil depth. GR:pj PENRTLG penetrated root length HPVIS hot paste viscosity GR:pj The ability of the plant to adust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. The main role of osmotic adjustment in the plant is to assist in the maintenance of turgor and volume as organs lose water during desiccation, i.e. to provide dehydration tolerance. Often determined by relative water or the amount of solute accumulated at a given water potential. OSADJCAP osmotic adjustment capacity amino acid content GR:pj The amino acid content in a plant or plant part. Variation in size of inflorescence. GR:pj inflorescence size GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the ligule. ligule anatomy and morphology trait panicle type Panicle types are classified according to their mode of branching, angle of primary branches, and spikelet density. IRRI:SES ICIS:1066 PnT Panicle attitude of branches PNTYPE endosperm storage protein-1 content GR:pj Assay for the amount of 13kDa seed storage protein present in the endosperm. GR:pj Number of bracts in a flower. floral bract number inflorescence width INFLWD panicle width IRRI:SES ICIS:1102 GR:pj Causal agent: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. Symptoms: linear lesions with small bacterial exudates evident. This scale may also be used for leaf smut caused by Entyloma oryzae. BLSRS BLS bacterial leaf streak disease resistance leafhopper ApC APICL IRRI:SES Color of the apiculus. apiculus color drought resistance drought tolerance Becoming tolerant to drought like conditions of minimal or no water content in the growth environment. GR:pj Often the plants exhibiting high salt tolerance also exhibit drought tolerance. DRTL GR:pj Volume of the fruit. fruit volume leaf dry weight Measure of the dry weight of leaf. GR:pj Tolerance to cold temperatures if plant is exposed to below permissive temperature limits. Observe differences in vigor along with subtle changes in leaf color. The optimum time to make observations would be the seedling, tillering (sensu Poaceae), flowering and mature stages. IRRI:SES GR:pj cold tolerance CTol COLDTL Number of glumes in an inflorescence of grass, sedge or similar plant. GR:pj glume number Space occupied by each culm or the tiller in a plant. GR:pj tiller volume SPPCULM space per culm obsolete trait term plant genetic trait A plant genetic trait is a distinguishable feature or a characteristic or a quality of character or a phenotypic feature of a developing or developed plant species which is genetically linked to a physical or genetic marker GR:pj TO:0000005 panicleless GR:pj The absence of panicle in the plant, either due to the abortion of the developmental process and/or due to environmental factors. carpel anatomy and morphology trait GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the carpel and its parts. Traits associated with the fruit abscission zone. GR:pj fruit senescing quality trait nuclear mediated male sterility IRRI:SES GR:pj Shows mendelian inheritance, caused by genetic modifications or mutations in the nuclear genome scale:6 Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the floral organ and its parts. GR:pj floral organ development trait LFAR GR:pj Measurement of the total area of a leaf. leaf area GR:pj Assay for amount of 57kDa seed storage protein present in the endosperm. endosperm storage protein-2 content fruit size An assay to determine the variation in the size of the fruit. GR:pj FRSZ GR:pj A ratio of penetrated to total number of roots in a plant. PENTRTRO penetrated to total root ratio PALNB GR:pj Number of palea in the grass flower (floret). palea number L-glutamate synthetase NADH-dependent glutamate synthase glutamate synthase (NADH) activity NADH glutamate synthase content glutamate synthase (NADH2) glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) synthase NADHGOGATCN Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+. GO:0016040 EC:1.4.1.14 NADH-glutamate synthase L-glutamate synthase (NADH) It is measured as the difference between gross photosynthesis (the total amount of carbon fixed by the plant per unit time) and the respiration (the total amount of carbon lost metabolically during that same time). GR:pj net photosynthetic rate percent root mass density 15-30 GR:pj GR:jcl Calculated as percent of root mass density in this section over the total root mass density. Both scored at the 15-30cm depth. prmd 15-30 SUBTL submergence tolerance genetic trait A genetic trait is a distinguishable feature or a characteristic or a quality of character or a phenotypic feature of a developing or developed individual that is linked to a physical or genetic marker GR:pj TURGPRES turgor pressure GR:pj The pressure within the cell resulting from the absorption of water into the vacuole and the imbibition of water by the protoplasm. endosperm storage protein content Assay for the amount of seed storage protein present in the endosperm. GR:pj magnesium to potassium content ratio ratio of magnesium to potassium Magnesium to potassium ratio MGKCNRO The ratio of total magnesium to potassium ion content measured in a plant or a plant part. GR:pj spikelet length Length of the spikelet. GR:pj SPKLG vegetative growth time GR:pj Measure of the vegetative growth phase time in a plant's life cycle. VGTM plant height uniformity A visual estimate of the plant height for a group of plants in an experiment. GR:pj PERICARPCL dehulled grain color DHULGRCL bran color grain color pericarp color Describes the color of fruit wall (pericarp). GR:pj Pericarp is the wall of a fruit, developed from the ovary or carpel wall. Also scored for grain color or color of the dehulled grain in grasses. GR:pj An assay to determine the sensitivity (tolerance or susceptibility) exhibited by a plant or a group of plants (population) towards the applied herbicide glufosinate. It is expected that the herbicide application must not affect the agronomic yield, if any. glufosinate sensitivity glufosinate tolerance glufosinate susceptibility Diterpenoid phytoalexins are polycyclic diterpenes involved in pathogen response. GR:pj Measures the diterpenoid phytoalexin content in a plant or plant part. diterpenoid phytoalexin content Trait associated to observed effect on the establishment of spikelet meristem identity or determinacy. GR:pj spikelet meristem identity lodicule anatomy and morphology trait GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the lodicule and its parts. senesced leaf number GR:pj Number of leaves in a plant that have undergone leaf senescence stage or are considered dead. dead leaf number microsporocyte number A count of the number of microsporocyte that is done to determine any increase or decrease in number. GR:pj selenium sensitivity abscisic acid content abscisic acid accumulation ABACONC ABA concentration abscisic acid concentration Measures the growth hormone concentration in a plant or plant part. GR:pj quality trait GR:pj Any trait contributing to the overall improvement of the product. Often associated to economical and or commercial importance. THRIPSRS IRRI:SES ICIS:1166 GR:pj Causal agent: Stenchaetothrips biformis. monitored at growth stage 2-3 thrips resistance armyworm resistance AWRRS The worms appear suddenly in masses and move like an army from field to field so that seedbeds or the direct seeded fields look as if grazed by cattles. Generally, a transplanted crop is not severely affected. Damage by armyworms is most serious during periods of stem elongation and grain formation. Larvae defoliate plants, typically by chewing angular pieces off leaves. They may also feed on the panicle near the developing kernels causing these kernels to dry before filling. This feeding causes all or parts of the panicle to turn white. If the entire panicle is white, the damage may also be due to stem rot or feeding by rats. The seriousness of armyworm injury depends on the maturity of the plant and the amount of tissue consumed. Significant yield reduction can occur if defoliation is greater than 25% at 2 to 3 weeks before heading. They migrate from field to field and extensive losses are often caused within a week. Their migration is facilitated by the absence of standing water in the field. Causal agent: Pseudaletia unipuncta, Spodoptera mauritia and Spodoptera praefica. The swarming caterpillars cause severe damage to rice plants in nursery beds. web:http //www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r682300411.html web:http //pne.gsnu.ac.kr/riceipm/spodopte.htm GR:pj shootless The embryo of the germinating seed does not produce shoot. GR:pj SHMIN Ta_FUSHEADBTRS Caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (telomorph: Gibberella zeae), in the USA and Canada. It causes severe yield and quality losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) GR:pj Wheat fusarium head blight resistance BRWRYLD brown rice yield GR:pj A ratio of root dry weight to total plant dry weight. root dry weight to total plant dry weight ratio root to total biomass ratio GR:pj Sensitivity response shown by the plant grown in either the excess or the deficient amount of the macro or micronutrient in the growth medium (soil/culture media) nutrient sensitivity nutrient deficiency phenol reaction leaf collar color collar color LFCCL CC IRRI:SES Changes monitored in leaf collar color amylopectin content AMYPCTCN It is a polysaccharide present in starch. Amylopectin is a polymer of alpha(1,4)-linked glucose units, as is amylose (see amylose). Unlike amylose, amylopectin contains branches of 2430 glucose units connected to the main chain by an alpha(1,6) linkage. ISBN:198506732 Amount of amylopectin present in the plant or plant part. GR:pj Sensitivity response observed in an environment illuminated with blue light. blue light sensitivity BLTSN Length of the grain with hull. GR:pj length of grain with hull hulled-grain length hulled grain length HULGRLG Flavonoids are water soluble polyphenolic molecules containing 15 carbon atoms. Flavonoids belong to the polyphenol family and have antioxidant activity. flavonoid content GR:pj The flavonoid content in a plant or plant part. 24DSN 2,4 D sensitivity EO:EO:0007180 An assay to determine the tolerance exhibited by a plant or a group of plants (population) towards the applied herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D). GR:pj It is expected that the herbicide application must not affect the agronomic yield, if any. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sensitivity FLFLG Length of the flag leaf in the grass plant. GR:pj flag leaf length seed thickness GR:pj Thickness of the seed or fruit caryopsis with the hull. SDTH large vascular bundle number LVBNB Number of the large sized vascular bundles. GR:pj LFLLG leaf blade length leaf lamina length Actual length measurements, in centimeters of the leaf laimina. GR:pj inflorescence number Average number of inflorescence per plant in a study. GR:pj INFLONB REDSUGCN Amount of reducing sugar present in the plant or plant part. GR:pj reducing sugar content A reducing sugar is any sugar which in basic solution forms contain aldehyde or ketone groups that are oxidised to carboxylic acids. GR:pj Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the seed and its parts. seed development trait stem angle STEMAG Angle of the stem. GR:pj tiller angle TIAG brown rice shape BrS BRWSHP Shape of the brown rice. Measure after harvesting, cleaning, and dehulling. IRRI:SES ICIS:1258 Depends on the study type. For a study with multiple plants, on average 50% of the plants must have exposed silks. days to silk It is determined as the number of days from the seed sowing to the first visible silk (stigma) on the maize ear. GR:pj GR:pj Response by the plant in terms of resistivity or sensitivity to microbes. microbial damage resistance colored grain percentage GR:pj Percentage of colored de-hulled grains in a sample of grains with reference color. percentage of red rice grains percentage of green rice grains percentage of damaged yellow rice grains percentage of colored grains sheath blight disease resistance ShB SHBTRS IRRI:SES Causal agent: Rhizoctonia solani. Symptom: Grayish-green lesions may enlarge and coalesce with other lesions, mostly on lower leaf sheaths, but occasionally on the leaves. zinc sensitivity zinc deficiency ZNSN PDef IRRI:SES ICIS:1217 GR:pj Sensitivity to the zinc content in the growth medium. It acts as cofactor for certain enzymes like Class II Aldolases , Metalloproteases, alkaline phosphatase, etc.. spikelet weight Weight of the spikelet. GR:pj SPKWT basic vegetative phase BAVEGPH relative phosphorus uptake RELPHOUP sucrase invertin maxinvert L 1000 beta-fructofuranosidase activity acid invertase saccharase alkaline invertase beta-fructosidase GO:0004564 EC:3.2.1.26 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fructofuranoside residues in beta-D-fructofuranosides. glucosucrase fructosylinvertase beta-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase invertase activity beta-h-fructosidase INVACT grain yield The grain yield, measured in kilograms per hectare at 14 percent moisture. IRRI:SES ICIS:1003 seed yield Yld GRYLD IRRI:SES The angle of the culm with respect to the ground surface in a grass plant. culm angle CmA CULMAG carbon sensitivity carbon deficiency CBSN Sensitivity to the carbon content in the growth medium. It plays an important role in the synthesis of various inorganic and organic metabolites such as carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids and peptides and plays a role in various metabolic processes. GR:pj An assay to determine the joint action of alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and any other carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. GR_REF:8025 DIASPWR diastatic power yield and yield component AUCL AC auricle color IRRI:SES The changes in the color of auricle brittle endosperm RUBISCONICNRO A ratio of the amount of rubisco protein to that of the total nitrogen content in a plant or plant part. GR:pj rubisco to nitrogen content ratio plant growth hormone sensitivity plant hormone response growth regulator sensitivity Width of the grain with hull. GR:pj hulled grain width hulled grain curved width HULGRWD width of grain with hull momilactone B is a instance of diterpenoid phytoalexin. phytoalexin momilactone B content PMID:16569039 Measures the momilactone A content in a plant or plant part. momilactone B content leaf adherence A tightly rolled leaf encasing the next emerging leaf. GR:pj lignin content Measures the lignin content in a plant or plant part. GR:pj inflorescence diameter drw/t drw deep root weight deep root dry weight per tiller DRTDWT GR:pj GR:jcl The average dry weight of the root, (for the root part 30cm below the soil surface) determined per tiller in a green house study. deep root dry weight petiole color GR:pj The color of the petiole. lateral root number GR:pj Average sum of number of lateral roots in a plant derived per experiment. GR:pj Response shown by the plant in terms of sensitivity to one or more types of radiation stress (quality and quantity of light). radiation response trait response to radiation RADSN radiation sensitivity homeotic development trait A developmental trait resulting development of increased, decreased or new organs and organ parts due to a mutation that causes one member of a repetitive series to assume the identity of another member , for example, the transformation of sepals into petals. GR:pj homeotic mutation carpel number Number of carpels in a pistil in the gynoecium. GR:pj Cold-induced wilting tolerance wilting tolerance Tolerance for leaf rolling or wilting observed in response to stresses like drought, water and temperature. It precedes leaf drying stage. GR:pj leaf rolling tolerance LFRLTL chlorine sensitivity CHLORSN GR:pj Sensitivity to the chlorine content in the growth medium. Chloride helps regulate the correct pH (acid/alkaline) balance. This is a major electrolyte in the living cell besides sodium and potassium. It is available to the cell mainly in the form of NaCl and KCl salts. endosperm color GR:pj The color of the endosperm. ENDCL Mat DTMT IRRI:SES ICIS:1012 Number of days required from seeding to seed/grain ripening . days to maturity whole plant related trait An example is CMS-boro in rice IRRI:SES GR:pj Abortion at tri-nucleate stage of microspore development aborted tri-nucleate stage TNUABR sterile lemma width GR:pj Width of the sterile lemma. Measured in the widest portion of the sterile lemma. STLEMWD plastid structure trait plastid biogenesis trait GR:pj Trait(s) associated with phenotypes observed for abnormal development of plastid structure and its biogenesis. plastid development trait shoot meristem abortion An assay to associate observing effects on the development of shoot meristem. GR:pj shoot meristem development IRRI:SES GR:pj Temperature sensitive male sterility, affected by environment genic male sterility-thermo sensitive thermo sensitive genic male sterility TGMS pigmentation of glume glume pigmentation glume discoloration GLCL Color of the glume. GR:pj glume color BPHRS BPH brown planthopper resistance IRRI:SES ICIS:1152 GR:pj Causal agent: Nilparvata lugens (also Nilaparvata lugens). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. epicarp color AlkD ALKDIG Is an indirect measure of gelatinization temperature. Observed by placing six milled-rice kernels in 10ml 1.7% KOH in a shallow container and arrange them so that they do not touch. Let them stand for 23hrs at 30degC temperature and score for spreading. Measure for Alkali digestion is inversely proportional to the gelatinization temperature, e.g. if alkali digestion is low, the gelatinization temperature is high. IRRI:SES GR:pj alkali digestion tepal number Number of the tepals in a flower. GR:pj Sensitivity to the nitrogen content in the growth medium. It is important for protein synthesis, chlorophyll etc. GR:pj nitrogen deficiency NISN nitrogen sensitivity seedling blight disease resistance IRRI:SES ICIS:1117 GR:pj Causal agent: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. symptoms: lesions usually start near the leaf tips or leaf margins or both, and extend down the outer edge(s). young lesions are pale to grayish green, later turning yellow to grey (dead) with time. In very susceptible varieties, lesions may extend to the entire leaf length into the leaf sheath. Kresek or seedling blight causes wilting and death of plant. leaf blight kresek SDLBTRS sugary kernel sugary endosperm Endosperm is wrinkled and glassy when dry. GR:pj humidity related trait IRRI:SES ICIS:1169 GR:pj Since there is no genetic resistance to birds, the damage can be quantified as it does represent resistance. Factors as flag leaf angle or panicle exsertion are important. BD bird damage resistance percent seed set SDSPCENT seed set percent scent odour aroma It is often associated with the accumulation of the aromatic compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Sct The aroma of the cooked/uncooked grains. IRRI:SES ICIS:1252 GR:pj AROMA AWNPLU The presence or absence of awn. Observation may include relative awn size. GR:pj awn presence GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the leaf and its parts. leaf anatomy and morphology trait INFLOTYPE inflorescence type inflorescence type TO:0000500 GR:pj Variation in the type of inflorescence, wither due to extent and number of branching, branch angles or modified form of the inflorescence. panicle to tiller ratio GR:pj A ratio of number of tiller bearing the panicles to the total number of tillers in rice. productive tiller percent panicle tiller ratio PNTIRO Not all the tillers bear panicle. GR:pj The time between the initiation of two leaves on the shoot apical meristem is called a plastochron. plastochron fruit tenderness An assay for the soft and juicy texture. GR:pj TENDER FRTENDER The quality trait of the seed or the products derived from it. GR:pj cooking or brewing quality organ identity GR:pj Trait associated with observing effects on the establishment of organ identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized GR:pj Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the flower and its parts. floret development trait flower development trait fungal blight disease resistance kernel number GRNB GR:pj Number of grains dehulled/with hull in a given inflorescence. grain number The traits assayed for content and quality of food/forage based on pre or post digestive processes. GR:pj dietary fiber related trait awn color Describes the change in color of the awn. IRRI:SES AWNCL The extent of the root branching as determined under variable treatments and environments. GR:pj root branching rbr RTBR inflorescence anatomy and morphology trait panicle related trait inflorescence related trait (sensu Poaceae) inflorescence structure trait TO:0000585 ear anatomy and morphology trait TO:0000363 TO:0000584 inflorescence anatomy and morphology trait (sensu Oryza) inflorescence anatomy and morphology trait (sensu Zea) GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the inflorescence and its parts. panicle anatomy and morphology trait tassel anatomy and morphology trait SLFAR specific leaf area basal axillary shoot number GR:pj Number of basal tillers per plant, should represent most plants within a study. basal tiller number genic male sterility-photoperiod sensitive photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility PPDSNGMS PGMS IRRI:SES GR:pj Male sterility affected by photoperiod F2GST f2-generation sterility fruit shape GR:pj An assay to determine the variation in the shape of the fruit. beta-amylase activity BETAAMYASEACT GO:0016161 EC:3.2.1.2 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. test weight SDDN seed density Test weight is a measure of the density or weight per unit of volume of a grain at a standardized moisture level. GR_REF:8025 FLNBPBR GR:pj Average number of flowers (florets) per branch in a grass inflorescence. floret number per branch STORS stomatal resistance This allows scientists to learn how stomata respond to changes in environmental conditions, such as light intensity, humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration. Stomatal resistance (or its inverse, stomatal conductance) can therefore be calculated from the transpiration rate and humidity gradient. (The humidity gradient is the humidity inside the leaf, determined from leaf temperature based on the assumption that the leaf's air spaces are saturated with vapor, minus the humidity of the ambient air, which is measured directly.) web:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomata phyllochron GR:pj The time interval between the appearance of successive leaves (days/leaf) on the developing shoot. GR:pj Amount of starch present in the plant or plant part. starch content STARCHCN FSm FSRS false smut disease resistance IRRI:SES ICIS:1106 GR:pj Causal agent: Ustilaginoidea virens. Symptoms: infected grains are transformed into yellow-greenish or greenish-black velvety-looking spore balls. GR:pj Describes the extent of female fertility restoration in terms of percent seed set female fertility restoration trait FEMRF relative phosphorus distribution between shoot and root RELPHOCONCSHRT biotic stress trait Response by the plant in terms of resistivity or sensitivity to biotic stress. GR:pj fertility related trait SH Average height measurements of 10 seedlings, in centimeters from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade. IRRI:SES seedling height TSHELSUB total shoot elongation under submergence inflorescence exsertion relative phosphorus concentration RELPHOCONC number of penetrating roots npr PENRTNB GR:pj GR:jcl Its the total number of roots penetrating the hard pans of the soil or the number of roots penetrated through the wax-petrolatum layer measured at 50 days after sowing (DAS), penetrated root number GRNBPPN number of grains per panicle filled grain number FGRNB TO:0000438 filled grain number per panicle grain number per panicle (sensu Oryza) GR:pj Determined by counting the number of spikelets filled with grain in one Inflorescence (panicle). FILGRNB Another trait seed number (TO:0000445) is directly associated with it. chlorophyll ratio The average ratio of chl-a to chl-b is about 3:1. Measures the a-a to chlorophyll-b content ratio in a green tissue. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants. ISBN:198506732 chlorophyll content ratio chl-a to chl-b ratio CHLRO mesocarp color GR:pj Ectopic development of lodicule in a grass flower (floret). ectopic lodicule development leaf length to width ratio GR:pj A ratio of the leaf length to its width. LFLGWDRO TENDHULGRWT 10-dehulled grain weight ten grain weight ten dehulled-grain weight TENGRWT 10-grain weight Weight of 10-dehulled grain having pericarp (seed coat) GR:pj GR:pj A count of the number of megasporocyte that is done to determine any increase or decrease in number. megasporocyte number root to shoot ratio The ratio determined from the parameters evaluated for root length and the shoot length in a study. GR:pj root/shoot ratio root length to shoot length ratio r/s RTSHRO IRRI:SES ICIS:1065 In grasses the flag leaf angle is measured near the collar as the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main inflorescence axis in grass plants. FLFAG flag leaf angle stem anatomy and morphology trait GR:pj Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the stem and its parts. gametophytic incompatibility GPHIC biochemical trait The traits associated with assay of either of the effected metabolite profile, enzymatic activity and biological processes which includes the physiological processes. GR:pj Determined from grain length and grain width on dehulled grain. GR:pj grain length to width ratio dehulled-grain length to width ratio GRLHWDRO DHULGRLGWDRO They are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. GR:pj phytochemical compound content GR:pj Color of the stem node. NDCL node color floret anatomy and morphology trait Traits associated with changes in the anatomy or structure of the grass floret and its parts. GR:pj floret related trait SPROTCN soluble protein content Amount of the soluble protein present in the plant or the plant part. GR:pj Zea mays northern leaf blight disease resistance Causal agent: Setosphaeria turcica GR:pj PMID:15598797 GR:pj Movement of the shoot part of a plant in the direction of the light. root phototropism grain shattering Measurement of extent of grain shattering, which depends on development of abscission zone. This trait often refers to shattering or the premature or ease of shedding of the grass fruit called caryopsis from the inflorescence. GR:pj seed shattering SDSH GRSH caryopsis shattering phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity GO:GO:0016791 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate. phosphatase activity lodicule development trait GR:pj Traits associated with observing effects on the development of the lodicule in a grass flower (floret). elongation ability IRRI:SES ICIS:1209 Some plants can elongate and grow in areas annually flooded to varying depths. The scale is based on the performance of check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded. Elon Response by the plant in terms of sensitivity to water stress (quality and quantity of water). GR:pj water stress trait auricleless A measure of either the absence of auricle or the length of auricle neing zero. GR:pj AUMIN auricle absent auricle absence extent of outcrossing on male sterile lines extent of outcrossing IRRI:SES ICIS:1061 GR:pj It is a measure of percent seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicle. outcrossing potential . grain number per plant GR:pj37 Number of grains (full grain with hull) present in one plant. GRNBPPT uridine diphosphoglucose-fructose phosphate glucosyltransferase GO:0046524 EC:2.4.1.14 Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate. SPS sucrosephosphate-UDP glucosyltransferase sucrose phosphate-uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase sucrose phosphate synthetase UDP-glucose-fructose-phosphate glucosyltransferase sucrose phosphate synthase activity sucrose-phosphate synthase activity sucrose 6-phosphate synthase SPSACT leaf composition trait