plant_ontology reference plant structure term Term used for maize Term used for citrus 10:06:2008 14:21 Term used for tomato plant_ontology Term used for rice cwt6 Term used for Arabidopsis This is an OWL translation of an ontology whose native representational form is .obo. The translation was performed using the oboInOwl xslt library. For details, see http://www.berkeleybop.org/obo-conv.cgi Term used for grasses 28:10:2008 14:23 GRO:0007107 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007107 8.02-early milk in barley plant_growth_and_development_stage SGN:0000044 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000044 FF.03 fruit size 70% in Solanaceae 8.02-early milk in oat http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007107 GRO:0007107 early milk stage GRO:0007107 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007107 SGN:0000044 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000044 tomato immature green GRO:0007109 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007109 late milk FF.03 fruit size 70% Zadok scale-73, Haun scale-13 GRO:0007107 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007107 ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap The stage when the size of the fruit is about 70% of final fruit size. http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000082 SOY:0000082 7.07 Pod 70% of final length in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 early milk stage in maize 8.02-early milk in wheat GRO:0007107 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007107 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 Cell that produces columella cells in the root cap. In direct contact with quiescent center. columella root cap stem cell plant_structure columella root cap initial cell G eight nucleate megagametophyte The stage of megagametophyte development when there are eight nuclei. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators plant_growth_and_development_stage Some plants do not form an eight nucleate megametophyte. ovule stage 3-V in Arabidopsis plant_structure abscission layer http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_047124529 ISBN:047124529 Zone at base of leaf, flower, fruit, or other plant part that contains an abscission (or separation) layer and a protective layer, both involved in the abscission of the plant part. abscission zone veinlet secondary vein Second order veins in the leaf blade. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary A leaf or leaves formed at the first node of a sporophyte. plant_structure cotyledon filament vascular system Vascular system of filament in the stamen GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt plant_structure filament vein root development stages At present the stages are described for primary, lateral and crown roots and stages for adventitious root formed by wounding or hormone treatment is not described. Finer resolution of root stages has been kept in the obsolete node as they are not consistently used in the consulted literature. These terms will be reintroduced into the ontology when there is a specific user request. Stages of development of a root defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap plant_growth_and_development_stage PO:0007011 root development stage fruit septum plant_structure GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt A thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit. IT is derived from the carpel septum. plant_structure trichome cell Each cell which is part of a trichome http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt plant_structure The abaxial/lower portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap abaxial nucellar projection plant_structure Found generally in gymnosperm leaves. Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 transfusion tissue OBSOLETE: The inner part of the exine, which stains. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary plant_structure This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043671. endexine http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67380 MaizeGDB:67380 9.1 physiological maturity/embryo 6 in maize The late stage of fruit ripening. ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap rice growth stage-8.2 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007154 GRO:0007154 attenuative in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67382 MaizeGDB:67382 8.07 Late ripening in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000088 SOY:0000088 tomato red firm fruit http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000050 SGN:0000050 MaizeGDB:11088 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_11088 9 maturity in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007037 GRO:0007037 09-maturity in maize FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening MaizeGDB:67382 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67382 8 leveling off of grain-filling/embryo 5 in maize ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 physiological maturity, black dot, about 60% dry matter in maize dent stage in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67382 MaizeGDB:67382 MaizeGDB:67380 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67380 embryo stage 6 in maize embryo stage 5 in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67382 MaizeGDB:67382 Stage R7 Beginning maturity in soybean SOY:0000088 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000088 9.03-hard dough in barley GRO:0007113 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007113 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67380 MaizeGDB:67380 R6 in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000050 SGN:0000050 FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae late dough stage in rice GRO:0007154 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007154 storage maturity in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67381 MaizeGDB:67381 plant_growth_and_development_stage hard dough Zadok scale-87, Haun scale-15 GRO:0007113 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007113 ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 BBCH principal growth stage 87 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67382 MaizeGDB:67382 R5 in maize GRO:0007113 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007113 9.03-hard dough in wheat 10.02-hard dough in sorghum http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007134 GRO:0007134 leveling off of dry matter accumulation http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67382 MaizeGDB:67382 late dough grain in rice http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007154 GRO:0007154 9.03-hard dough in oat GRO:0007113 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007113 8.2-hard dough stage in rice http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007154 GRO:0007154 MaizeGDB:67380 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67380 black layer in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007134 GRO:0007134 sorghum growth stage-10 imbibition in Arabidopsis TAIR:0000394 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_0000394 03 Seed imbibition complete in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000091 SOY:0000091 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007054 GRO:0007054 1.03-imbibition complete in Tricticeae http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007054 GRO:0007054 1.03-imbibition complete in oat SGN:0000004 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000004 imbibition in Solanaceae MaizeGDB:64054 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_64054 0.1 imbibition in maize GRO:0007053 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007053 1.02-start of imbibition in wheat Absorption of water by the seed. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap ISBN:0306416875 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0306416875 GRO:0007053 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007053 1.02-start of imbibition in barley 1.02-start of imbibition in Triticeae http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007053 GRO:0007053 imbibition GRO:0007054 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007054 1.03-imbibition complete in wheat 1.03-imbibition complete in barley http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007054 GRO:0007054 plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007053 GRO:0007053 1.02-start of imbibition in oat 01 Beginning of seed imbibition in soybean SOY:0000090 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000090 ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 BBCH growth stage 01 Collectively the stamens of upper floret of a sessile spikelet of tassel inflorescence of maize. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel plant_structure plant_structure Distinct from adult leaves, being characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_lv MaizeGDB:lv GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj juvenile leaf The first juvenile leaves are e.g. the embryonic leaves found in the grass kernel (caryopsis). POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators Bud formed in the axil of a leaf or shoot that develops into a flower. plant_structure axillary floral bud plant_structure floral bud Bud that develops into a flower. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators plant_structure The uppermost of the two florets of the pedicellate spikelet rachilla of a maize ear. The upper floret on the ear usually develops into a functional one. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear velamen plant_structure velamen radicum http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 A multiseriate epidermis found in aerial roots of some monocots. Most of its cells are dead and store water like a sponge. plant_structure upper glume of ear spikelet TThe apical/distal of the two glumes in the ear spikelet. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary The smaller, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the male gametophyte. microspore plant_structure CL:0000252 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000252 In a tassel floret, one of two or three tiny scales or flaps of tissue outside the stamens, possibly representing reduced perianth segments. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary plant_structure lodicule of tassel floret plant_structure lateral root-cap-epidermal stem cell Cell that produces lateral root-cap cells and root epidermis. POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators lateral root-cap-epidermal initial cell nodal root PO:0003009 PO:0003008 plant_structure http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofroots/ URL:http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofroots/ Adventitious root that forms at a shoot node. obsolete growth and development terms plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000050 SOY:0000050 3.01 one node visible in soybean BBCH growth stage 31 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 SE.01 one node or internode visible The stage at which one node or one internode is visible. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj GRO:0007082 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007082 4.02-first node detectable in barley A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred. plant_growth_and_development_stage Zadok scale-31, Feekes scale-6 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007082 GRO:0007082 4.02-first node detectable in wheat http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007082 GRO:0007082 4.02-first node detectable in oat http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007082 GRO:0007082 plant_growth_and_development_stage B formation of primary parietal and sporogenous cells Stage during which the primary parietal and primary sporogenous layers are derived from archesporial cells. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki supporting tissue plant_structure collenchyma http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj Living tissue composed of more or less elongated cells with thick nonlignified primary cell walls. plant_structure GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj In a maize ear floret, the upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower. palea of ear floret embryo plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary A young sporophyte contained within a seed. germ The ridge along the body of the seed formed from the part of funiculus that was adnate to the ovule. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_047124529 ISBN:047124529 seed raphe plant_structure leaf blade leaf lamina plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary The blade of a leaf, usually dorsiventrally flattened, and expanded. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary Sporangium producing microspores, usually many in number. microsporangium pollen sac anther lobe plant_structure MMC http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) megaspores. plant_structure megasporocyte megaspore mother cell http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000320 CL:0000320 The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel sessile spikelet lower floret. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj plant_structure lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel TAIR:lr http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_lr The egg cell and two synergids located at the micropylar end of the female gametophyte, or the embryo sac, in angiosperms. plant_structure egg apparatus lemma http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary In a grass floret, the lower of two bracts enclosing a flower. plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67306 MaizeGDB:67306 2 tassel initiation/early whorl stage in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67306 MaizeGDB:67306 V4 in maize GRO:0007063 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007063 2.05-four leaves unfolded in Triticeae tassel differentiation in maize MaizeGDB:67306 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67306 The stage at which leaves at four nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node. plant_growth_and_development_stage 1.03-three to four leaves in maize GRO:0007010 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007010 02-tassel initiation in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007011 GRO:0007011 early whorl stage in maize MaizeGDB:67306 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67306 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67306 MaizeGDB:67306 4-6 leaves in maize GRO:0007143 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007143 03-four leaf stage in sorghum maize growth stage-2 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007011 GRO:0007011 tassel initiation in maize MaizeGDB:67306 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67306 4 leaves unfolded GRO:0007142 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007142 1-4 leaf stage in rice LP.04 four leaves visible Stage V3 in soybean SOY:0000018 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000018 pre tillering http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007142 GRO:0007142 four rosette leaves 1.04 3rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000018 SOY:0000018 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000016 SGN:0000016 LP.04 four leaves visible in Solanaceae fourth leaf unfolded BBCH growth stage 14 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 Zadok scale-14, Haun scale-3.+ http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007063 GRO:0007063 rice growth stage-2.1 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007142 GRO:0007142 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_0000399 TAIR:0000399 4 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007143 GRO:0007143 sorghum growth stage-2 sepal primordium The very first appearance of a sepal. POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators plant_structure plant_growth_and_development_stage GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap The stage at which the fully formed root emerges. root emergence Portion of an organ that is fragmented; in capsule, the portions into which the pericarp splits at maturity. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary plant_structure valve plant_structure hypodermis A layer or layers of cells beneath the epidermis that is distinct in appearance from adjacent tissues. It is the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex. ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj endocarp http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The innermost differentiated layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. pulp (sensu Citrus) PO:0006047 inner epidermis of pericarp endocarp plant_structure flesh (sensu Citrus) http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 An opening pore on the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange. plant_structure stomata stomatal complex stoma included vascular cambium POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators Cambium occurring within xylem. plant_structure indehiscent fruit http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary OBSOLETE. Fruit that does not open at maturity. plant_structure plerome plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 The meristem forming the core of the axis composed of the primary vascular tissues and associated ground tissue, such as pith and interfascicular regions. fertilized ovule stage plant_growth_and_development_stage The earliest stage of seed development immediately following double fertilization. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki leaf endodermis plant_structure Often found in the leaf of Gymnosperms and elsewhere. The layer of tissue forming a sheath around the vascular region in a leaf. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj plant_structure mesocarp http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj Middle layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. albedo Endosperm in which the first karyokinetic event is accompanied by the formation of a horizontal wall which divides the central cell into unequal regions. The larger one is the micropylar chamber in which cytokinesis does not occur and the smaller one is the chalazal chamber. ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 helobial endosperm plant_structure plant_structure If found, this zone is a temporary feature mostly in Gymnosperms. ventral meristem leaf meristem adaxial meristem cambium-like transitional zone OBSOLETE. A cup-shaped region in the shoot apical meristem found between the central mother cell and the rib and peripheral zone. The cells of this zone are derived from the corpus intials, but in some cases they arise also from tunica initials. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 plant_growth_and_development_stage 7.02 fruit size 20% OBSOLETE GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap plant_structure A specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0879015322 ISBN:0879015322 companion cell CL:0000284 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000284 lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel The lower of the two florets of the pedicellate spikelet of a maize tassel. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj plant_structure plant_growth_and_development_stage ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 BBCH growth stage 37 3.07 7 nodes/internodes visible in soybean SOY:0000056 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000056 SE.07 seven nodes or internodes visible The stage at which seven nodes or seven internodes are visible. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred. MaizeGDB:67359 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67359 V14 in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_0000417 TAIR:0000417 14 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis 1.14 13th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000028 SOY:0000028 fourteen rosette leaves maize growth stage-3.3 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007015 GRO:0007015 3.3 mid-vegetative MaizeGDB:67359 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67359 3.03-mid-vegetative GRO:0007015 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007015 Stage V13 in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000028 SOY:0000028 plant_growth_and_development_stage fourteen leaves unfolded 3.3 mid-vegetative stage of maize GRO:0007015 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007015 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node. LP.14 fourteen leaves visible plant_structure micropyle http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary A small canal or opening through the integument(s) at the apex of an ovule. In a mature seed the micropyle may remain visible as an occluded pore or may be obliterated. The micropyle originates as an opening in the integuments of an ovule through which the pollen tube usually enters the embryo sac. obturator Most commonly arising from the funicle, also developing from placenta, integument, etc. plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary An outgrowth of the funicle, that forms a bridge between the micropyle and other tissues. plant_structure PMID:2476454 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_2476454 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj One of the secondary parietal layer formed towards inner side after the cells of the primary parietal cell layer undergo a periclinal division. It divides periclinally to form the middle layer externally and the tapetum internally. inner secondary parietal cell layer Any branch forming from the primary or the higher order inflorescence axis. http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators Poc:curators inflorescence branch plant_structure coflorescence plant_structure spongy parenchyma cell Usually found in the abaxial/lower part of the leaf mesophyll as in a dorsiventral leaf, but between two palisade parenchyma layers in an isobilateral leaf. spongy mesophyll cell Irregularly-shaped, chlorenchymatous cell, separated by large air spaces. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj seed operculum plant_structure ISBN:0080280293 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080280293 A plug-like structure formed in the micropylar region of the seed coat. GRO:0007144 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007144 3.1-maximum tillering GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at nine nodes or more are visible. GRO:0007079 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007079 main shoot and 9 or more tiller maximum number of tillers detectable in main shoot and nine or more tillers in barley main shoot and nine or more tillers in wheat BBCH growth stage 29 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 plant_growth_and_development_stage main shoot and nine or more tillers in oat nine or more axillary shoots detectable http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007079 GRO:0007079 3.10-main shoot and nine or more tillers in Triticeae maximum number of tillers visible 2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes 2.09 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 9 or more nodes in soybean SOY:0000048 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000048 The axillary shoot can be a single shoot or a pair of axillary shoots at each node. maximum number of tillers visible in rice Zadok scale-29 GRO:0007079 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007079 2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes in Solanaceae SGN:0000031 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000031 stylar ridge of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear plant_structure Branched inflorescence with a central axis and about 10-50 lateral branches. tassel plant_structure MaizeGDB:lv http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_lv The functionally-staminate flowering structure that terminates the stem of a Zea mays plant. establishment of fundamental organization in adventitious root plant_growth_and_development_stage establishment of fundamental organization in primary root. 3 establishment of tissue systems cell differentiation stage of root development http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The stage at which distinct tissues become organized. establishment of fundamental organization lateral root. Benfey's stage 1 of root development P0 stage plant_growth_and_development_stage TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki The initial stage of leaf development where cells in the SAM are already determined to form a leaf primordium, but the primordium itself is not distinguishable morphologically. formation of the leaf founder cells filament (sensu Poaceae) GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The stalk of the stamen of a grass floret. plant_structure plant_structure OBSOLETE. The outer most cell layer of the lateral roots. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj lateral root epidermis 4.08-flag leaf just visible in oat GRO:0007088 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007088 A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred. plant_growth_and_development_stage 4.08-flag leaf just visible in barley http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007088 GRO:0007088 Zadok scale-37, Feekes scale-8 GRO:0007088 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007088 SE.97 flag leaf visible http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007088 GRO:0007088 4.08-flag leaf just visible in wheat The stage at which the flag leaf is visible. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GRO:0007129 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007129 06-flag leaf visible in sorghum plant_structure septum A thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue, e.g., in anther, ovary or fruit. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The axis of the tassel spikelet, above the glumes. tassel spikelet rachilla megasporangium plant_structure nucellus APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary Subepidermal tissue in the ovule surrounding the megasporocyte. C callose wall formation in pollen mother cells plant_growth_and_development_stage pollen stage 3 in Arabidopsis pollen mother cell stage Stage during which diploid pollen mother cells become separated from each other and from tapetum by a callose wall. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki OBSOLETE. An axial parenchyma or a ray cell physiologically associated with a tracheary element. Also a cell next to a stoma. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 contact cell Not used in current plant literature. plant_structure plant_growth_and_development_stage Stage of ovule development that begins when the ovule primordia arise. POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators ovule primordium visible ovule stage 1-I in Arabidopsis basal endosperm transfer layer the cell layer found in basal endosperm transfer cell GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt plant_structure This is a functional term. OBSOLETE. Cell that produces secreted substances. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki secretory cell plant_structure GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj In a maize tassel floret, the upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower. palea of tassel floret plant_structure outer glume outer rudimentary glume lower empty glume plant_structure PO:0006031 GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The proximal/basal of the two glumes. lower glume outer empty glume lower rudimentary glume PO:0006027 One of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore of floral organs http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt plant_structure floral guard cell plant_structure functional megaspore (sensu Poaceae) http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The megaspore that forms the embryo sac in grasses. leaf intercalary meristem plant_structure GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The meristematic tissue in the primary body of the leaf separated from the apical meristem by non-meristematic tissues. seed as dispersal unit OBSOLETE. http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators Poc:curators plant_structure plant_growth_and_development_stage Differentiation of aleurone layer, the outermost endosperm tissue, and the internal starchy tissue. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki formation of aleurone and starchy layers CL:0000296 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000296 vegetative cell plant_structure APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary The larger cell of the male gametophyte of angiosperms that does not divide further. plant_structure Tissue between the vascular system and the epidermis of hypocotyl and root in the embryo.n http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_16543410 PMID:16543410 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_donghui TAIR:donghui embryo cortex plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators Usually a single cell layer between tapetum and endothecium which almost invariably degenerates early during angiosperm anther development and is eventually absorbed by adjacent cells. middle layer The leaf epidermis of Poaceae and Joinvilleaceae, long cells and short cells often alternate in longitudinal rows. plant_structure long cell http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators A more or less rectangular epidermal cell in which the proximo-distal dimension is several times longer than the transverse dimension. cotyledon abaxial epidermis plant_structure The abaxial/lower epidermal cell layer of the cotyledon. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj plant_structure megaspore (sensu Poaceae) http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a grass plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac). formation of leaflet primordia http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki Stage at which leaflet primordia are initiated on the leaf primordium of a compound leaf. plant_growth_and_development_stage plant_structure palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel pedicellate spikelet lower floret. A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel plant_structure Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of maize tassel. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj plant_growth_and_development_stage P1 stage formation of leaf primordium TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki Stage of leaf development when leaf primordium is formed as a small protrusion on the flank of SAM. lateral root tip plant_structure The portion of the lateral root including the meristem and root cap. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki LP.02 two leaves visible in Solanaceae SGN:0000014 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000014 In grasses, the plant has one leaf plus the coleoptile. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node. two rosette leaves 2.03-two leaves unfolded in barley http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007061 GRO:0007061 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_0000398 TAIR:0000398 2 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis 2.03-two leaves unfolded in Triticeae GRO:0007061 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007061 SOY:0000016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000016 V1 stage in soybean LP.02 two leaves visible 1-4 leaf stage in rice GRO:0007142 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007142 2 leaves unfolded BBCH growth stage 12 ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007061 GRO:0007061 2.03-two leaves unfolded in wheat plant_growth_and_development_stage Poc:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000016 SOY:0000016 1.02 First trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean 1.2 1-2 leaves in maize MaizeGDB:67353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67353 GRO:0007009 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007009 maize growth stage-1.2 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007142 GRO:0007142 rice growth stage-2.1 Zadok scale-12, Haun scale-1.+ http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007061 GRO:0007061 2.03-two leaves unfolded in oat GRO:0007061 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007061 GRO:0007142 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007142 pre tillering GRO:0007009 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007009 1.02-one to two leaves in maize V2 in maize MaizeGDB:67353 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67353 two leaves unfolded (sensu Triticeae) http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007061 GRO:0007061 plant_structure The radicle is the basal continuation of the hypocotyl in an embryo and gives rise to the root system of the adult plant; sometimes more or less abortive. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary radicle plant_structure sexine This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043673. OBSOLETE: The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary plant_growth_and_development_stage 3 floral organ development stages Stages of development of floral organs defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators tassel branch plant_structure Any branch forming from the primary or higher order tassel axes. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj leaf epidermis Epidermal layer of a foliage leaf. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj foliage leaf epidermis plant_structure plant_structure vascular cambium A lateral meristem, the cells of which give rise to secondary xylem and phloem, leading to an increase in girth. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj A group of cells that covers the apical meristem of the root. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary root cap plant_structure lacunar collenchyma ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj OBSOLETE. A collenchyma characterized by intercellular spaces and cell wall thickenings facing the intercellular spaces. plant_structure The term was made obsolete because the lacunar form is an attribute of regular collenchyma. Stage of palea development that begins when the palea primordia arise. POC:fz http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_fz The palea primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet. palea primordia visible plant_growth_and_development_stage reproductive shoot apical meristem http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt the meristem which gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.n plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_9254931 PMID:9254931 The earliest histological evidence of leaf initiation, i.e, a change in the orientation of cell division both in the epidermis and in internal layers of the shoot meristem occurs at this stage (Poethig S, 1997, Plant Cell 9:1077-1087). plant_growth_and_development_stage PO:0001003 Cells in the primordium are not yet differentiated. 1 leaf initiation stage leaf initiation in Arabidopsis fruit distal end plant_structure blossom end GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/(SGN#(SGN_nm) (SGN:nm) The end distal from the fruit pedicel. first flower buds visible beginning of heading visible flower buds http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007096 GRO:0007096 Zadok scale-50, Feekes scale-10.1, Haun scale-10.2 beginning of tassel emergence in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007096 GRO:0007096 6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in barley IE.00 inflorescence tip just visible above flag leaf sheath 6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in oat http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007096 GRO:0007096 The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007096 GRO:0007096 6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in wheat plant_growth_and_development_stage beginning of panicle emergence in rice first spikelet visible http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007096 GRO:0007096 E expanded cotyledon stage plant_growth_and_development_stage torpedo stage in Arabidopsis curled cotyledon stage in Arabidopsis PO:0001076 TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki The stage during which embryo axis and cotyledons rapidly elongate as a result of cell division and cell expansion. A cup- or tube-like structure bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary of a flower. http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators Poc:curators APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary hypanthium plant_structure plant_structure The outermost endosperm tissue of the grass caryopsis, its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies containing seed storage proteins. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap fruit aleurone layer GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt a circular arrangement of phyllome plant_structure phyllome whorl OBSOLETE. The root initial cells are established. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap establishment of initial cells plant_growth_and_development_stage plant_structure Meristem that gives rise to the organs of a floret of a grass plant. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj floret meristem (sensu Poaceae) lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear This floret does not usually develop into a functional one. plant_structure The lower of the two florets on the sessile spikelet of a maize ear. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007040 GRO:0007040 rice growth stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages SGN:0000001 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000001 plant_growth_and_development_stage GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The succession of changes during the growth of the whole plant. maize growth stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007002 GRO:0007002 sorghum growth stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007124 GRO:0007124 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0080001 GRO:0080001 cereal plant ontology http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007199 GRO:0007199 plant growth stage ontology plant growth stages in Arabidopsis TAIR:0000021 http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_0000021 wheat, barley and oat growth stage GRO:0007156 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007156 whole plant growth stages mid-globular stage in Arabidopsis late globular stage in Arabidopsis globular stage in Arabidopsis dermatogen stage in Arabidopsis C globular stage During this stage the embryo proper retains radial symmetry (increasing in diameter), and three main tissue systems are established. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki plant_growth_and_development_stage GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj OBSOLETE: Area through which the pollen imports the nutrition during its development, at the time of pollen germination, the pollen tube emerges through it. plant_structure pollen pore germination pore This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043677. http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000363 CL:0000363 These cells make up the axial system, also known as vertical or longitudinal system. plant_structure ISBN:0471245208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 A vascular cell derived from the fusiform cambial initial and oriented with its longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root. axial cell GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Collectively the carpels of a lower floret of sessile spikelet of maize tassel. A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. plant_structure gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel plant_growth_and_development_stage The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred. maize growth stage-3.1 GRO:0007013 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007013 4.03-second node detectable in oat GRO:0007083 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007083 SE.02 two nodes or internodes visible ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 BBCH growth stage 32 3.02 2 nodes/internode visible in soybean SOY:0000051 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000051 4.03-second node detectable in wheat GRO:0007083 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007083 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007083 GRO:0007083 Zadok scale-32, Feekes scale-7 4.03-second node detectable in barley GRO:0007083 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007083 GRO:0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 maize growth stage-3.4 late vegetative in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67360 MaizeGDB:67360 Stage V22 in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000037 SOY:0000037 1.23 22nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean SOY:0000037 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000037 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000038 SOY:0000038 1.24 23rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean SOY:0000035 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000035 1.21 20th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean Stage V21 in soybean SOY:0000036 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000036 Stage V25 in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000039 SOY:0000039 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 GRO:0007016 3.4 late vegetative stage of maize 1.20 19th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean SOY:0000034 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000034 plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000035 SOY:0000035 Stage V20 in soybean V20 in maize MaizeGDB:67360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67360 The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap SOY:0000036 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000036 1.22 21st trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean maize V20 stage MaizeGDB:67360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67360 3.4 late vegetative in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 GRO:0007016 late vegetative stage of maize SOY:0000039 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000039 1.25 25 or more trifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean LP.20 twenty or more leaves whorls visible Stage V23 in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000038 SOY:0000038 GRO:0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 3.04-late vegetative The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node. plant_structure palisade mesophyll cell GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Elongated chlorenchymatous cell oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which is active in photosynthesis. Usually found in the adaxil/upper part of the leaf mesophyll. palisade parenchyma cell main shoot and two tillers in barley http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 GRO:0007072 SOY:0000041 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000041 2.02 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 2 nodes in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 BBCH growth stage 22 2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes GRO:0007072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 Zadok scale-22 The axillary shoot can be a single shoot or a pair of axillary shoots at each node. 3.03-main shoot and two tillers http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 GRO:0007072 second axillary shoot detectable GRO:0007072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 main shoot and second tiller visible GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at two nodes are visible. second tiller detectable 2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes in Solanaceae SGN:0000024 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000024 plant_growth_and_development_stage main shoot and 2 tillers GRO:0007072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 main shoot and two tillers in wheat GRO:0007072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 GRO:0007072 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007072 main shoot and two tillers in oat second order inflorescence branch primary branch plant_structure Any branch forming from the primary or first order inflorescence branch. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj cellular endosperm plant_structure Endosperm in which the first karyokinesis event is accompanied by cytokinesis. ISBN:0471245194 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245194 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 peripheral meristem peripheral zone plant_structure Organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_lr TAIR:lr ISBN:0521288959 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0521288959 UMSL:fz http://purl.org/obo/owl/UMSL#UMSL_fz The margin or edge of the lamina. plant_structure leaf margin leaf lamina margin shoot apex The topmost part of the shoot, situated at the distal extremity of the shoot axis, consists of apical meristem and the youngest leaf primordia. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki plant_structure A leaf that is part of an heteroblastic series, and is characterized by anatomical features that are intermediate between juvenile and adult leaves. GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt transition leaf plant_structure seed nucellus plant_structure PO:0006335 Diploid nutritive tissue in an angiospermous seed derived from nucellar tissue. APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary perisperm plant_structure APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary The petals of a flower collectively. corolla http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the petal. petal mesophyll plant_structure microsporophyll plant_structure A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary OBSOLETE. The cells of root primordium undergo elonagtion http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap elongation zone formation plant_growth_and_development_stage gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear A functional gynoecium. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of sessile spikelet of maize ear. plant_structure The primordium will differentiat into lodicule GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt lodicule primordium plant_structure The stalk of a leaf. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary petiole plant_structure plant_structure UMSL:fz http://purl.org/obo/owl/UMSL#UMSL_fz The central supporting structure around which flowers are borne. inflorescence rachis first order inflorescence branch inflorescence axis cob (sensu Zea) is different from the cob inflorescence found in Sorghum. root vascular cylinder PO:0003012 The central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary Includes the pericycle as the outermost layer of the stele root stele plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The morphologically distinct outer layer of the nucellus. nucellar epidermis plant_structure SGN:0000042 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000042 tomato immature green http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000042 SGN:0000042 FF.01 fruit size 30% in Solanaceae 7.02 Pod 30% of final length in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000080 SOY:0000080 ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The stage when the size of the fruit is about 30% of final fruit size. FF.01 fruit size 30% plant_growth_and_development_stage non-articulated laticifer plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary A structure consisting of long multinucleate tubes in which latex is found, having no cross walls. plant_structure Also called motor cell because of its presumed participation in the mechanism of rolling and unrolling of leaves. motor cell An enlarged more or less thin-walled epidermal cell present, with other similar cells, in longitudinal rows in leaves of monocots. ISBN:0471245208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 bulliform cell Many stages like leaf production PO:0007112, axillary shoot formation PO:0007073, inflorescence PO:0007047 often overlap with this stage plant_growth_and_development_stage GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap OBSOLETE.The stage at which the plant grows rapidly by either or both stem elongation and expansion of the rosette/foliage. 3 rapid growth stage BBCH principal growth stage 4 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators Poc:curators The stage at which grass plant is producing inflorescence(s). inflorescence visible (sensu Poaceae) There is no one-to-one correspondence between growth stages of inflorescences formation in members of Poaceae with that of other families. plant_growth_and_development_stage stem internode The portion of a stem between the level of insertion of two successive leaves, leaf pairs or leaf whorls, or branches of an inflorescence, i.e. between two nodes. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary see node. plant_structure outer vascular cambium plant_structure Cambium at the outer margin of the xylem cylinder. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators plant_structure integument (sensu Zea) http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj One of the layers of tissue that covers the ovule of a maize carpel, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 A cell in the vascular cambium that gives rise to ray cells of the secondary xylem and secondary phloem. ray initial plant_structure CL:0000316 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000316 PO:0006217 flavedo The outer layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj outer epidermis of pericarp epicarp epicarp plant_structure ectocarp PO:0006046 exocarp pericarp epidermis A cell of the male gametophyte of angiosperms that divides to produce two male gametes or sperm cells. APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary plant_structure CL:0000280 http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000280 generative cell One of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the ovule, contiguous to the inner integument and usually involved in forming the micropyle at the apex. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary outer integument plant_structure F1 root hair initiation OBSOLETE. The stage at which the roots hairs are initiated. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap plant_growth_and_development_stage plant_structure carpel primordium The very first appearance of a carpel. It initiates from the carpel anlagen region of the floral meristem. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj PO:0006037 root epidermis The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure. rhizodermis The outermost primary cell layer of the root. ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 plant_structure epiblem plant_structure upper glume of sessile spikelet of tassel The apical/distal of the two glumes in a tassel sessile spikelet. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj lysigenous aerenchyma OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma originating by dissolution of cells. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The term was made obsolete because lysigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma. plant_structure tassel peduncle plant_structure The axis of a maize tassel below the lowest tassel node. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_047124529 ISBN:047124529 Vascular cambium originating from procambium within vascular bundles or fascicles. plant_structure fascicular cambium http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj Meristem at the apex of the embryonic axis. embryonic shoot apical meristem plant_structure main shoot and three tillers in oat http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007073 GRO:0007073 main shoot and 3 tillers http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at three nodes are visible. third tiller detectable BBCH growth stage 23 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 ISBN:3826331524 GRO:0007073 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007073 main shoot and three tillers in barley plant_growth_and_development_stage SOY:0000042 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000042 2.03 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 3 nodes in soybean The axillary shoot can be a single shoot or a pair of axillary shoots at each node. 2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes in Solanaceae SGN:0000025 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000025 Zadok scale-23 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007073 GRO:0007073 main shoot and three tillers in wheat http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007073 GRO:0007073 third axillary shoot detectable main shoot and third tiller visible GRO:0007073 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007073 3.04-main shoot and three tillers 2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj A leaf like structure often found enclosingnthe grass fruit, caryopsis. It is derived from the dried lemma (PO:0009037) and palea (PO:0009038) floral bracts found in the grass floret (PO:0006318). hull (sensu Poaceae) plant_structure plant_growth_and_development_stage lemma developmental stages POC:fz http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_fz GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap Stages of development of the lemma defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features. The region of the shoot present between the two shoot nodes. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj plant_structure shoot internode Secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in root. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj root periderm plant_structure secondary parietal cell layer PMID:2476454 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_2476454 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The cells of the primary parietal cell layer undergo a periclinal division resulting in the formation of the two secondary parietal layers. plant_structure GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The portion of the root located behind the elongation zone containing cells that are differentiating into their final form and function. specialization zone maturation zone plant_structure PO:0003002 differentiation zone plant_growth_and_development_stage MaizeGDB:67360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67360 late vegetative in maize SOY:0000031 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000031 Stage V16 in soybean late vegetative stage of maize GRO:0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node. MaizeGDB:67360 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67360 V17 in maize 3.4 late vegetative stage of maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 GRO:0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 GRO:0007016 maize V17 stage GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. 1.17 16th trifoliate leaf unfolded in soybean http://purl.org/obo/owl/SOY#SOY_0000031 SOY:0000031 LP.17 seventeen leaves visible GRO:0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 3.04-late vegetative http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67360 MaizeGDB:67360 3.4 late vegetative in maize maize growth stage-3.4 GRO:0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007016 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj The grouping or arrangement in which fruits are borne on a plant. infructescence plant_structure exotesta GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer surface of the outer integument. seed coat outer epidermis plant_structure central initiation zone central zone Functions as a population of stem cells that replenishes the meristem. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_lr TAIR:lr ISBN:0521288959 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0521288959 An area of densely packed cells in the shoot apex that divide infrequently. plant_structure OBSOLETE http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap plant_growth_and_development_stage 6.04 40% of flowers open http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The adaxial/upper portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis. adaxial nucellar projection plant_structure plant_structure stigma epidermis The epidermal cell layer of the stigma. PMID:11951033 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_11951033 GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj 6.01-dilatory in maize GRO:0007026 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007026 GRO:0007046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007046 milk stage in rice MaizeGDB:67371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67371 6.1 dilatory in maize 5 fruit formation milk grain 6.2 exponential in maize MaizeGDB:67369 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67369 Poc:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators Formation of the seed-bearing structure after flowering. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007046 GRO:0007046 rice growth stage-7 07-milk stage in rice GRO:0007046 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007046 MaizeGDB:67369 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67369 mitotic in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007105 GRO:0007105 08-milk development in oat SGN:0000040 http://purl.org/obo/owl/SGN#SGN_0000040 5 fruit formation in Solanaceae 6.02-exponential in maize http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007027 GRO:0007027 dilatory in maize MaizeGDB:67371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67371 Although the use of stages like milk or particular fruit sizes properly refer to the development of an individual fruit, they are commonly used as here to extrapolate to a growth of a whole plant or a group of plants. plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007105 GRO:0007105 Zadok scale-70 proembryo in maize MaizeGDB:67371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67371 GRO:0007105 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007105 08-milk development in wheat MaizeGDB:67371 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67371 free nuclear in maize 08-milk development in barley GRO:0007105 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007105 exponential in maize MaizeGDB:67369 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67369 MaizeGDB:67369 http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_67369 transition stage in maize leaf mesophyll leaf parenchyma foliage leaf mesophyll plant_structure The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the foliage leaf. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj TAIR:lr http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_lr http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary Part of a carpel or group of fused carpels on which the pollen germinates, usually apical. plant_structure stigma paraclade plant_structure ISBN:0521251346 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0521251346 APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary Lateral branch which ends in an inflorescence that repeats the main inflorescence. anther dehiscence zone PMID:15319479 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15319479 A narrow band of cells that extends along the entire length of the anther. This site is observed as an indentation between the locules of each theca. Upon anther maturation, cell separation within the dehiscence zone allows the anther wall to break and for pollen to be released.n plant_structure pollen stage 7 in Arabidopsis plant_growth_and_development_stage H late unicellular microspore stage Stage of microgametophyte development during which a large vacuole is formed in each microspore causing a rapid increase in size and a displacement of the nucleus to one side. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki plant_structure apical hook hypocotyl hook http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki Hook-like structure which develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings in dicots. micropyle (sensu Poaceae) plant_structure GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj A small canal through the inner integument(s) at the apex of a grass ovule. Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of sessile spikelet of maize tassel. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel plant_structure A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. pedicel of tassel spikelet GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate tassel spikelet. plant_structure 4 anthesis plant_growth_and_development_stage stage 15 flower in Arabidopsis stage 14 flower in Arabidopsis stage 13 flower in Arabidopsis The phase of a flower when pollen is presented and/or the stigma is receptive. APWeb:glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_glossary floral nectary plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_047124529 ISBN:047124529 A multicellular glandular structure found in the flower secreting a liquid containing organic substances especially sugars. vascular bundle http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj A unit strand of the vascular system containing the vascular tissues, xylem and phloem. In addition vascular cambium is often present. plant_structure intraxylary phloem Primary phloem tissue positioned internal to the primary xylem ISBN:0122151704 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0122151704 internal phloem plant_structure A propagating organ formed in the reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, derived from the ovule and enclosing an embryo. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary plant_structure seed The seed is representative of a next generation of sporophyte. A plant or phase of a life cycle that bears spores formed by meiosis. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary sporophyte plant_structure plant_structure Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving fusion with the neighboring dividing cells. The events are induced by cystnnematodes (e.g. Heterodera schachtii) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj PMID:15053756 http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_15053756 root syncytium cell Epidermal layer of a leaf petiole. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki plant_structure petiole epidermis plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj Relatively unspecialized tissue present in the sepals. sepal parenchyma plant_growth_and_development_stage POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators Stage of corolla development that begins when the petal or petal-stamen primordia arise. petal primordium visible stage 5 flower in Arabidopsis OBSOLETE. Stage of endosperm development during wich the formation of starchy endosperm occurs. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki formation of starchy endosperm plant_growth_and_development_stage ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 OBSOLETE. Tissue that develops from phloem parenchyma in the outer portion of the inner bark accommodating the expansion in circumference. proliferation tissue check the definition. plant_structure palea Possibly a prophyll/bracteole. plant_structure In a grass floret, the upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary stolon runner plant_structure APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary A slender, prostrate or trailing above-ground stem which produces roots and sometimes erect shoots at its nodes. upper glume of tassel spikelet The apical/distal of the two glumes in the tassel spikelet. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj plant_structure plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj A tissue formed as a result of wounding, or a tissue developing in a tissue culture. callus An organized group of cells that will differentiate into leaf that are emerging as an outgrowth in the shoot apex (flanking the meristem). http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki leaf primordium plant_structure leaf meristem primary meristem apical meristem The meristems located at the apices of the main and lateral shoots and roots. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj plant_structure stage 2 flower in Arabidopsis 2 floral meristem notched plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators Stage of floral development that begins when the floral meristem becomes demarcated from the inflorescence meristem by a slight indentation. 6.03 30% of flowers open OBSOLETE http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap plant_growth_and_development_stage An embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells in vitro, rather than from fused haploid gametes, i.e., zygote. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki plant_structure cultured somatic embryo http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 The smaller cell produced by the asymmetric division of a root epidermal cell that gives rise to a root hair. hair cell http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000299 CL:0000299 trichoblast plant_structure plant_structure secondary meristem lateral meristem Cells along the stem or root that first differentiate and function as members of a mature tissue system but then again take up meristematic activity. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary tile cell Empty upright ray cell of approximately the same height as the procumbent ray cell and occurring in indeterminate horizontal series usually interspersed among the procumbent cells. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators plant_structure primary root plant_structure tap root http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0122151704 ISBN:0122151704 The root which develops directly from the embryonic radicle. PO:0020089 plant_structure A secretory structure that produces latex. ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 laticifer http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj Ultimate pedicellate inflorescence branch of the maize ear that develops from the spikelet pair meristem. plant_structure ear pedicellate spikelet plant_structure GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/(SGN#(SGN_nm) (SGN:nm) Vascular system of the fruit. fruit vascular system http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary OBSOLETE: The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections. plant_structure This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043669. ectexine lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel plant_structure The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the tassel sessile spikelet. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Central axis of the fruit. POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators fruit columella plant_structure cultured leaf cell In vitro grown isolated cells and small cell aggregates that originated from isolated leaf protoplasts (after they re-established cell wall, or from callus that was induced from leaf tissue). TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki plant_structure plant_structure aerial tuber An axillary shoot with a swollen stem.n POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/MaizeGDB#MaizeGDB_lv MaizeGDB:lv The very short branch that may arise from either or both the long lateral branch and the central spike of tassel in maize. short tassel branch plant_structure third order tassel branch connective (sensu Poaceae) GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The part of the stamen of a grass floret, that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs. plant_structure plant_structure That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer integument, or from the single integument when there is only one. http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 ISBN:0080374913 APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary testa 70% of panicle emerged in rice 6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat GRO:0007099 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007099 GRO:0007099 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007099 6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat 6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007099 GRO:0007099 IE.03 3/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap GR:ap The stage at which 3/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath. tassel pedicellate spikelet plant_structure Ultimate inflorescence branch of the maize tassel with a pedicel, developing from the spikelet pair meristem. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj inflorescence node plant_structure GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The region of the inflorescence axis where the spikelet, flower, floret or the branch is attached. anther wall (sensu Poaceae) http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj A multicellular layer with outer epidermis and an inner endothecium of an anther of a grass stamen. plant_structure connective (sensu Zea) GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The part of the stamen of a maize floret, that connects the microsporangia or pollen sacs plant_structure plant_structure This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043668. OBSOLETE: The outer layer of the pollen grain wall, highly resistant to strong acids and bases, and composed primarily of sporopollenin. APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary exine auricle Outgrowth at the base of a leaf blade that may wrap around the stem. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj plant_structure pollen stage 8 in Arabidopsis I first mitotic division stage plant_growth_and_development_stage Stage of microgametophyte development during which the asymmetric, first mitotic division of the microspores occurs producing a large vegetative cell and small generative cell, located near pollen wall. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki PO:0000275 fusiform initial http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000009 CL:0000009 plant_structure ISBN:0471245208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 An elongated cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends, found in the vascular cambium, which gives rise to the elements of the axial system in the secondary vascular tissues. xylem mother cell xylem initial central zone of the leaf lamina plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt Region that includes the widest or majority portion of leaf lamina and that does not include leaf apex and leaf lamina base. plant_structure anther The pollen-bearing part of a stamen. http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary APWeb:Glossary Epidermal layer of a leaf blade. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki plant_structure leaf lamina epidermis floret plant_structure Small flowers, esp. of the spikelets of Poaceae and Cyperaceae. APWeb:Glossary http://purl.org/obo/owl/APWeb#APWeb_Glossary lemma of tassel floret GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel floret. plant_structure septate fiber http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators A fiber with thin transverse walls (septa), which are formed after the cell develops a secondary wall thickening. plant_structure plant_growth_and_development_stage http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt the stage involved in the directionality of expansion growth 4 growth directionality indeterminate nodule Nodule is persistent and may continue to grow after a physiological stress. Nodule characterized by a persistent meristem, presence of vascular transfer cells, and cell division in the inner cortex with non-dividing infected cells and bacteria. POC:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators ISBN:1842460137 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_1842460137 plant_structure gynoecium (sensu Zea) plant_structure Collectively the carpels of a maize floret. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj simple leaf plant_structure Poc:curators http://purl.org/obo/owl/Poc#Poc_curators A leaf in which the lamina is undivided. plant_structure OBSOLETE. The innermost layer of the tunica. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj L3 A similar term L3 meristem (PO:0009022) occurs. plant_structure The portion of the primary root including the meristem and root cap. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki primary root tip It is formed by the division of the male archesporial initial. After several mitotic divisions these cells differentiate into pollen mother cells. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PMID#PMID_12897248 PMID:12897248 plant_structure primary sporogenous cell root aerenchyma GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces in the tissue of roots. plant_structure plant_structure phellogen ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 Lateral meristem which produces the phellem (cork) and the phelloderm. cork cambium plant_growth_and_development_stage ovule developmental stages Stages of development of the ovule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features. http://purl.org/obo/owl/POC#POC_curators POC:curators ovule development in Arabidopsis synergid plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki ISBN:047125208 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_047125208 Cell, usually two in number, in the micropylar end of the embryo sac of angiosperms associated with the egg in the egg apparatus. http://purl.org/obo/owl/CL#CL_0000288 CL:0000288 free nuclear endosperm http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245194 ISBN:0471245194 ISBN:0080374913 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0080374913 Endosperm in which at least the first karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis. nuclear endosperm coenocytic endosperm cenocytic endosperm plant_structure plant_structure petiole distal end The region of the petiole distal to its stem attachment site or proximal to the leaf lamina. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt petiole apex GRO:0007092 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007092 5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in oat GRO:0007092 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007092 5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat GRO:0007092 http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007092 Zadok scale-45, Feekes scale-10, Haun scale-9.2 plant_growth_and_development_stage BO.02 mid boot stage 5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in barley http://purl.org/obo/owl/GRO#GRO_0007092 GRO:0007092 In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5-10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. GR:ap http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_ap ISBN:3826331524 http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_3826331524 The flag leaf sheath is just visibly swollen. flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen GR:cwt http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt Vascular system of stigma stigma vascular system stigma vein plant_structure plant_structure The very first appearance of gynoecium. TAIR:ki http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki gynoecium primordium ovary (sensu Poaceae) plant_structure The basal portion of a carpel that encloses the ovule(s) in a grass floret. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj apical meristem of lateral root plant_structure lateral root meristem GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Meristem found in the apex of the lateral root. lateral root apical meristem PO:0003013 This is different from root lateral meristem. Zone at base of the flower that contains an abscission (or separation) layer and a protective layer, both involved in the abscission of the flower and its parts. GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj plant_structure flower abscission zone tassel spikelet GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj Ultimate inflorescence branch of the maize tassel. plant_structure plant_structure stylar ridge of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear Stage of gynoecium development defined by differentiation and expansion of carpels. http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki gynoecium differentiation and expansion plant_growth_and_development_stage floral stomatal complex plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_cwt GR:cwt An opening pore on the epidermis of floral organs bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0471245208 ISBN:0471245208 Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in a plant or plant organ. vascular system plant_structure http://purl.org/obo/owl/ISBN#ISBN_0122151704 ISBN:0122151704 Cells that develop an abnormal wall chemistry and swelling resulting in easily being pulled apart along the pectin-rich middle lamella; directly involved in the weakening process of abscission. separation layer plant_structure Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize tassel spikelets. http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj GR:pj tassel spikelet meristem plant_structure crown root plant_structure Adventitious root formed at the base of the growing stem (known as a crown). http://purl.org/obo/owl/TAIR#TAIR_ki TAIR:ki The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a maize plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac). GR:pj http://purl.org/obo/owl/GR#GR_pj